I-Surge ibhekiselele kwincopho yokudlula ngokukhawuleza uzinzo, kubandakanywa amandla ombane kunye nemisinga yotyando. Ukunyuka kweenkqubo zobonelelo lwamandla ikakhulu zivela kwizizathu ezibini: zangaphandle (izizathu zombane) kunye nangaphakathi (izixhobo zombane ziqala kwaye ziyeke, njl. njl.). Iimpawu zotyando zihlala zifutshane kakhulu. I-overvoltage ebangelwa ngumbane ihlala ikwinqanaba le-micro-yesibini, ukugqithiswa okubangelwa zizixhobo zombane kuhlala kuma-milliseconds, kodwa i-voltage ekhawulezayo kunye neyangoku inkulu kakhulu, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo zombane kwaye Intambo iyingozi, ngoko ke kufuneka umkhuseli wotyando ukubakhusela. Umkhuseli we-Surge, igama lesiNgesi elithi Surge Protective Device, elibizwa ngokuba yi-SPD, sisixhobo sombane sokubonelela ngokhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo, kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano, ngokukodwa ukunciphisa ukugqithisa kunye nokuphuma kwegazi. Umkhuseli wokutyanda uhlala enxusene nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo. Xa i-overvoltage yenziwe, inokusebenza njengokwahlula kunye noxinzelelo lwe-voltage. Thintela imisinga egqithisileyo kumonakalo kwisixhobo. Iinqununu eziphambili zomkhuseli wokunyuka ziyingxenye engabonakaliyo ngaphakathi. Ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo angengomda, umkhuseli wokutyanda unokwahlulwa abe luhlobo lokutshintsha (into engundoqo ikakhulu ikhutshiweyo) kunye nohlobo loxinzelelo oluthintelweyo (into engundoqo ikakhulu luxhathiso olubuthathaka). Nangona i-gap yokukhupha kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza wokuxhatshazwa kwengcinezelo yahlukile, iimpawu ezisisiseko zifana kakhulu: xa kungekho overvoltage, impedance yabo iphezulu kakhulu, ngokubanzi i-megapometh, ephantse ilingane nokuqhawula. Xa i-overvoltage isenzeka, i-impedance yehliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiiYurophu ezininzi. Umsinga wokunyuka uya kuqukuqela emhlabeni ngomkhuseli wokutyanda, kwaye awuyi kungena kwisixhobo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba uthintelo lomkhuseli wokutyanda luncinci, ezimbini zalo Umbane wombane uncinci, kwaye ngenxa yokuhambelana kwakhe kunye nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo. , iya kuthintela isixhobo ukuba simelane nombane omkhulu wokunyuka. Ngale ndlela, ukungcola kunye neziphumo ezithintelweyo ziyadlalwa.